Understanding and using order types in leverage trading

• What the different order types are
• How to gain better control of entry and exit points of your trades
• How to place orders using the OANDA’s platform
• How the spread affects orders

In trading, different types of orders serve different functions. Depending on the order you choose, you can determine numerous things. This includes the point at which your order will be executed, how long the order can remain active or whether an order gets closed by another order.

The trade ticket (or order window) , is the sell/buy (or bid/ask) window on your instrument of interest. If you click on buy or sell, the window opens up to give you a ticket. With this open, you can choose the kind of order you want to place.

Let’s go through the different types of orders and see how they could be applied to different entry and exit strategies in your trading:

Finding the right moment to open a trade is one of the most important aspects of trading. Compared to typical transactions﹣such as buying a product in the grocery store for the displayed offer price﹣financial markets offer more options to decide when and at what price to trade.

What is a market order? A market order is an order that executes at the next available price after you click the submit button. There is no waiting for any other conditions to be met. You simply fill in the details of the order you want to place and OANDA will fill your order at the next available price.

To place a market order, you must first click on the buy/sell window on your chart. A ticket will open at the default setting of market order. Having decided the volume you want to trade, you can include certain conditions to the order that will instruct your OANDA trading platform when you want to close that order.

What is a limit order? A limit order is an order to buy or sell at a price entered by you, the trader. If you select the limit order ticket, you will see a set of windows that require you to fill in certain values for when you want your order to be filled and when you want it to be closed.

Limit orders can only be placed below the ask price when buying and above the bid price when selling. A Limit order does not suffer from negative slippage (that's to say, you always get filled at your requested price or better)

In this image, representing the interface of our platform, the middle of the ticket below the volume shows you the price and expiry. For price, you put in the price at which you want your trade to be filled. If you prefer to limit your price to a time period, you would fill in the value for expiry, for example one day (from now). Otherwise you can select no expiry. Until the conditions you have entered are met, the order is pending and does not affect your account total or margin calculation. If your order gets triggered, all those values you have provided will attach to your order.

Note: you can always cancel your limit order at any time before it is filled.Alternatively you can amend the order details such as volume, price and expiry.

Let’s say the price is moving between two strong levels of support and resistance. You’ve decided you don’t want to enter the trade now, because it looks like the price will drop in about an hour’s time. If it does, you foresee that it is likely to head back down to the next strong level of support and then head back up. You decide that if this happens, you would like to place a trade to buy near the level of support.

The problem is, you don’t want to sit at your computer all morning waiting to see if this will happen. A limit order can help you place your trade at a specific price and let you see if your theory was correct. This can be done by filling in the trade size and target price. You can even specify Risk management orders related to the position resulting from a filled limit order.

If the price should drop as you had predicted and reach your price limit, your buy order will be filled at that price or the next best available price.

What is a stop order? A stop order is an order to place a trade in an instrument when that instrument reaches a specified trigger price: a sell-stop order has a specified trigger price below the current market and a buy-stop has a trigger price above the current market price. When you choose a sell stop or buy stop order, you can specify the volume, price and expiry. If the stop order is to open a position, you can attach trade closeout orders to this position.

The main difference between a limit order and stop order is that the limit order will only be filled at the specified limit price or better. In comparison, a stop order will be filled at the prevailing price in the market, and therefore, at a price that is significantly different from the set price. So if the market went up or down in a direction that is unfavourable to your stop order price, you would be subjected to an execution at a worse price than the stop price specified.

In short, stop orders can suffer from negative slippage, which means you will get either your requested price or worse.

The most basic way of exiting your trade is to manually close it out at the next available market price. This is very convenient if you are constantly monitoring your trades or you want to quickly terminate your position.

As much as it is recommended to monitor your trades constantly, it is simply impossible. You will never be able to watch your trades constantly ﹣ and sometimes the price can move in the blink of an eye.

Another reason traders manage open positions with resting orders (Limit or stop), is to maintain a strategy. Even experienced traders unwillingly deviate from a trading plan by closing out at market.

Take-profit orders (T/P) specify the exact price at which an open position should be closed for a profit. If the price does not reach the set level, the take-profit order will not be filled.

Let’s say, for example, that you want to buy GBP/USD at the market at 1.2038 and believe that the market will safely climb another 40 pips. You can add this pip value to the take-profit window. Alternatively, you can type in the price “1.2078” at which you would like to take your profit.

Setting a profit goal upfront can also help manage greed ﹣many traders can’t control their appetite and end up keeping the position open longer than they originally planned in the hope that it will bring more profit. In fact, trends do often reverse and a profitable trade can easily turn into a sudden loss. Setting a take-profit order may help with sticking to a planned exit strategy.

Stop-loss orders (S/L) are orders to close out a position at the market price when it reaches a certain trigger price set by the trader. This order type is primarily used to limit loss and control exposure to risk.

Expanding on the example used in the take-profit order above, let’s say you have already set your take-profit price. You still want to manage the risk attached to this trade in case your price action expectations are wrong.

Let’s assume you are not willing to risk a loss larger than 20 pips. You can add this pip value to the stop-loss window, or specify the price (1.2018) corresponding to the 20-pip loss (whichever you prefer) to define the stop-loss. Once that price has been reached, this order would cause your position to be automatically closed at the market price to prevent further loss.

Without the stop-loss, you might continue to run with the losing trade, hoping for it to recover. This phenomenon is called a ‘sunk-cost effect’: a tendency to continue an endeavour once an investment in money, effort, or time has been made. This is one of many cognitive biases which could be countered with proper definition of your trading strategy, including the use of stop-loss orders.

Trading the financial markets carries a degree of risk and you aim to be rewarded if you're going to take that risk. Of course, each individual trader has their own level or risk they are willing to accept, and nobody is placing trades assuming their trades will bring loss.

Losing trades are inevitable and the way to deal with them is to be very conscious about your own risk appetite and your risk/reward ratio. Using risk management measures is good practice. It helps to understand and limit risk, by setting the stop-loss, as well as fight against the appetite for unrealistic gains with take-profit orders.

The difference between the buy and sell price is called the spread and represents a cost of trading.

Once you press the buy or sell button, a market order will get you in at the best Offer price (for buy), or Bid price (for sell). If you were to immediately close your trade, you would have to do it at the opposite price. If you are long from buying at market, you would close on the sell price, for example. So if the offer price for GBP/USD is 1.3333 to buy and the spread is 6 pips, your buy order would be filled at 1.3333, but the price you could immediately sell at would be 1.3327 (1.3333-0.0006 = 1.3327).

• A market order either to buy or sell a forex pair will enable you to enter the market immediately at the current price available to you.
• You can use a limit order when you wish to place an order that will be executed at a specific price that is either above (if selling) or below the current market price (if buying).
• A limit order allows you to trade when you’re not tracking your charts. For instance, it could get triggered in the future when perhaps you are too busy to trade.
• A stop order is an order that is triggered when the price of a forex pair moves past a specific price point you have chosen. Once triggered, it becomes a market order that is filled at the best available price.
• A stop order is used to limit losses with a stop-loss, or secure profits using a trailing stop.

Don’t know the difference between different order types? Read about the basics of fundamental and technical analysis in trading. Once you’ve opened a live or demo account, you can start implementing some of the trading strategies we cover in our learn section.